Impact of Arabic Language, Religious Fundamentalisms and Globalization

This paper shall look into Religion, fundamentalism and globalization, the introduction, the meaning of Religion, the term fundamentalisms and globalization which presents a number of problems to the scholars of religion, both inclusivity and cultural explanations for religious phenomena have found themselves under attack from a number of fundamentalisms that have appeared in most of the worlds major faith traditions with growing popularity throughout the latter half of the twentieth century in particular strongly critical of pluralism, each fundamentalisms has developed and exclusive truth-claim, Chris partridge, on the other hand, takes a view that ‘fundamentalisms’ does not do justice to the diversity of religious traditions and their own unique historical development. Some scholars have attempted to define ‘fundamentalism’ more precisely than the popular usage of the term, these scholars tend to take two approaches. They either attempt to identify a more penetrating understanding of the phenomenon by seeking to define it or, alternatively, they provide a list of common features. The Hadden and Schupe, two sociologist of religion in 1989 provided the following definition: a pattern of contemporary socio-political movement” that share certain characteristics in their response to a common globalization process. The paper shall also look at an approach to fundamentalisms, which reactive to marginalization of religion especially secularation, selectivity, moral dualism, absolutism millennialism. Niels Nielsen consider that fundamentalist version of religious truth-claims are ‘first and foremost a negative response to what is seen as the spectre of modernity (Nielsen, 1993, p.3)

Phonological development: acquisition of hausa secondary consonants by the hausa children / Sani Dauda Ibrahim

Phonological development refers to the stages that children pass before they can correctly use and understand the sound system of their language. Inspired by Stampe’s (1969) Natural Phonology Theory, this paper examines the acquisition of Hausa secondary consonants pronunciation by the Hausa children. The paper seeks to achieve the following objectives (a) to identify the phonological processes that are operating in the production of the Hausa secondary consonants by the Hausa 2-5 years children (b) to discover the units that are more affected if certain changes occur in the production of the Hausa secondary consonants (c) to explain whether a parental behavior influence the children’s production of the Hausa secondary consonants. Four children aged between 2-5 years were purposely selected. The data were collected using a Pictorial Stimulus-Driven Elicitation. The study found that reduction, simplification, and substitution phonological processes operate in some of the children’s speech production. It also revealed that regardless of the glottal stop, the second unit of the secondary consonants is more affected and that parental behavior affects children’s speech production. The implication of this result is that it can be used by speech pathology to draw a conclusion about the Hausa children’s phonological development

Long Memory Analysis of Daily Average Temperature Time Series

A time series has a long memory, in this case there is autocorrelation at long lags. If a time series display long memory, they show significant autocorrelation between observations widely separated in time. R-software has been used to analyze long memory of daily temperature series of Sokoto metropolis. The Modified Rescaled Range (R/S) statistic, the Periodogram and the Aggregated Variance Methods are used to detect long memory property of the series. Application of these tests suggests that the daily average temperature series shows evidence of long memory. Keywords: Long memory, Hurst exponent, Aggregated Variance, Modified Rescaled Range and Periodogram

Timbuktu civilization and its significance in Islamic history

Timbuktu civilization began as a seasonal settlement for trade caravans in the early 11th century. It later flourished in trade and as one of the early African centres of Islamic culture. This paper reviews the trend of Timbuktu civilization from prehistoric period up to the current state of its political impact of the region. The paper further focuses on the role Timbuktu played in African history by serving as academic and commercial centre. The significant of this paper is to reveal the fact that Africa has a long Islamic civilization. The paper provides evidences from reliable sources of the symbolic representation of the impact and influence of the early schools and universities between 11th and 15th century that existed in West Africa. The manuscript of Timbuktu serves as a living testimony of the highly advanced and refined civilization in Africa during the middle ages. The history of monuments, artefacts as well as architectural land marks that signifies the historical origin of this ancient city is presented. The early heroes that stood firm towards the development and civilisation of Timbuktu are outlined. Analysis of the development as well as the factors that led to the civilization is presented in this paper

An Assessment of the Effects of Training and Development on Employees’ Performance in Gombe State Ministry of Women Affairs and Social Development, (2015-2019)

Systematic and timely training and development of employees is crucial to attaining optimal performance in both the private and public sectors. This study examines the extent to which employees' training and development enhance employees' performance in the Gombe State Ministry of Women Affairs and Social Development. The study adopted a survey design with a questionnaire and unstructured interview as the instrument of data collection. The study has a population of 271, out of which 155 was sampled through stratified and random sampling techniques. Data were presented using tables and simple percentages, while chi-square was used to test the research hypothesis. The study found no significant difference among the staff in the perception that training and development does not support employees' performance in the Ministry as training and development programmes are not being organised for staff. The study also established that the Ministry's leadership had not shown a good appreciation of the critical role of regular training of staff in enhancing employees' performance. The study recommends, among others, a change in the disposition of the leadership of the Ministry and the Office of the Head of Service to the training of staff through the development of mechanisms for establishing employees' skills deficiency; and requesting the Government to make a budgetary line for staff training in the State’s yearly budgets. Keywords: Training and Development; Employees’ Performance; Performance Evaluation; Ministry of Women Affairs and Social Development; Gombe. DOI: 10.7176/JRDM/77-05 Publication date:July 31st 202

FLOORS, FLOOR COVERING AND WALL FINISHING PRACTICES IN BUILDING CONSTRUCTION IN RURAL AREAS IN ZAMFARA STATE, NIGERIA

This study determined floors, floor covering and wall finishing practices adopted by craftsmen in building construction in rural areas of Zamfara State, Nigeria. The descriptive survey research design was used for the study on a sample size of 322 master craftsmen comprising of 253 with educational qualification and 69 without educational qualification gotten with the aid of National Statistical Service Sample Size Calculator. An 11 item validated questionnaire with a Cronbach Alpha reliability of 0.84 was used for collecting data for the study. Mean and the standard deviation was used to answer the research questions while t-test was used to test the null hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. The findings of the study revealed that:  the building construction floors, floor covering and wall finishing practices are not highly adopted by building master craftsmen in rural areas. There was no significant difference between the mean responses of the respondents on the building construction floors, floor covering and wall finishing practices adopted by building master craftsmen in rural areas. This implies that the incessant cases of building failures in rural areas could be attributed to the negligence towards the adoption of standard building construction floors, floor covering and wall finishing practices in rural areas. It was recommended that there is urgent need for all categories of building craftsmen to highly adopt the building construction floors, floor covering and wall finishing practices stipulated by the standard building code to enhance the performance strength of buildings in rural areas as well as improve their building construction floors, floor covering and wall finishing practices of craftsmen in rural areas of Zamfara State, Nigeria

Design, Construction and Performance Comparison of Two Solar Stills Having Different Absorber Design

Productivity enhancement of solar stills has been one of the main goals of researchers. In this study, two designs of solar stills absorber plate were conceptualized and developed and their effects on the productivity process were investigated experimentally. A solar still using a submerged flat absorber plate and another solar still without any submerged absorber plate were designed and constructed. The designs were developed by virtue of the comparative analyses to be carried out.  The two still designs were tested under the same conditions. Comparatively, more distilled water was obtained from the solar still without submerged plate at 10litres of inlet raw water during the first day of experiment while the still with submerged flat absorber had more distillate during the second and third day of the experiment with 20 and 30 liters inlet raw water respectively. The efficiencies were 82.35 % and 83.30 % on the first day of experiment, 82.99% and 82.56% on the second day of experiment and 83.82% and 81.98% on the third day of experiment for still with submerged flat plate absorber and still without submerged flat plate absorber respectively.http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njt.v34i4.1